这是aop最后一篇文章了,本文带你深入理解@EnableAspectJAutoProxy,这篇文章可能会颠覆你以前所掌握的一些知识,让你醍醐灌顶,欣喜若狂!
1、Aop相关阅读
阅读本文之前,需要先掌握下面几篇文章内容,不然会比较吃力。
- 代理详解(java动态代理&CGLIB代理)
- jdk动态代理和cglib代理
- Aop概念详解
- AOP核心源码、原理详解
- ProxyFactoryBean创建AOP代理
- @Aspect中@Pointcut 12种用法
- Spring系列第35篇:@Aspect中5中通知详解
目前为止,上面的文章基本上都是硬编码的方式一个个为目标对象创建代理的,但是,我们使用spring的过程中,可能需要对大量bean创建代理,比如我们需拦截所有的service的方法,打印耗时日志,对大量service bean做权限校验,做事务处理等等,这些功能都可以通过aop的方式来实现,若采用硬编码的方式一个个创建,那是相当难受的事情。
Spring中提供了批量的方式,为容器中符合条件的bean,自动创建代理对象,也就是我们本文要说的@EnableAspectJAutoProxy。
2、@EnableAspectJAutoProxy自动为bean创建代理对象
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy可以自动为spring容器中符合条件的bean创建代理对象,@EnableAspectJAutoProxy需要结合@Aspect注解一起使用。用法比较简单,下面我们通过案例来看一下。
先在com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test1包中定义2个bean
UserService bean
package com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test1;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Componentpublic class UserService {public void say(){System.out.println("我是UserService");}}
CarService bean
package com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test1;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Componentpublic class CarService {public void say() {System.out.println("我是CarService");}}
通过Aspect来定义一个前置通知,需要拦截上面2个bean的所有方法,在方法执行之前输出一行日志
package com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test1;import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component //@1@Aspect //@2public class Aspect1 {@Pointcut("execution(* com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test1..*(..))") //@3public void pc() {}@Before("com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test1.Aspect1.pc()") //@4public void before(JoinPoint joinPoint) {System.out.println("我是前置通知,target:" + joinPoint.getTarget()); //5}}
Aspect1中有4个关键信息
@1:使用 @Component 将这个类注册到spring容器;
@2:使用 @Aspect 标注着是一个 AspectJ 来定义通知的配置类;
@3:定义切入点,目前的配置,会拦截test1包及其子包中所有类的所有方法,而CarService和UserService刚好满足,所以会被拦截;
@4:定义一个前置通知,这个通知会对@3定义的切入点起效;
@5:目标方法执行执行,输出一行日志;
下面来一个spring配置类
package com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test1;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy;@ComponentScan //@1@EnableAspectJAutoProxy //@2public class MainConfig1 {}
@1:@ComponentScan 注解的作用会扫描当前包中的类,将标注有 @Component 的类注册到spring容器;
@2:@EnableAspectJAutoProxy 这个注解比较关键,用来启用自动代理的创建,简单点理解:会找到容器中所有标注有@Aspect注解的bean以及Advisor类型的bean,会将他们转换为Advisor集合,spring会通过Advisor集合对容器中满足切入点表达式的bean生成代理对象,整个都是spring容器启动的过程中自动完成的,原理稍后介绍。
下面来测试用例代码,启动spring容器,加载配置类,验证
package com.javacode2018.aop.demo11;import com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test1.CarService;import com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test1.MainConfig1;import com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test1.UserService;import org.junit.Test;import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;public class AspectTest11 {@Testpublic void test1() {AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();context.register(MainConfig1.class);context.refresh();UserService userService = context.getBean(UserService.class);userService.say();CarService carService = context.getBean(CarService.class);carService.say();}}
运行输出
我是前置通知,target:com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test1.UserService@dc7df28我是UserService我是前置通知,target:com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test1.CarService@821330f我是CarService
3、通知执行顺序
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy 允许spring容器中通过Advisor 、@Aspect 来定义通知,当spring容器中存在多个Advisor、@Aspect时,组成的拦截器调用链顺序是什么样的呢?在介绍这个之前,我们需要先回顾一下aop中4种通知相关知识。
spring aop中4种通知(Advice)
org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptororg.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdviceorg.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdviceorg.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice
所有的通知最终都需要转换为MethodInterceptor类型的通知,然后组成一个MethodInterceptor列表,我们称之为方法调用链或者拦截器链,上面列表中后面3通过下面的转换器将其包装为MethodInterceptor类型的通知:
org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice -> org.springframework.aop.framework.adapter.MethodBeforeAdviceInterceptororg.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice -> org.springframework.aop.framework.adapter.AfterReturningAdviceInterceptororg.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice -> org.springframework.aop.framework.adapter.ThrowsAdviceInterceptor
下面我们再来看一下4种通知的用法和执行过程,以方便我们理解其执行顺序。
org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor:方法拦截器
方法拦截器,这个比较强大,可以在方法执行前后执行一些增强操作,其他类型的通知最终都会被包装为 MethodInterceptor 来执行。
下面我们自定义一个MethodInterceptor
class MyMethodInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {@Overridepublic Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {System.out.println("我是MethodInterceptor start");//调用invocation.proceed()执行下一个拦截器Object result = invocation.proceed();System.out.println("我是MethodInterceptor end");//返回结果return result;}}
org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice:方法前置通知
方法前置通知,可以在方法之前定义增强操作。
下面我们自定义一个MethodBeforeAdvice
class MyMethodBeforeAdvice implements MethodBeforeAdvice {@Overridepublic void before(Method method, Object[] args, @Nullable Object target) throws Throwable {System.out.println("我是MethodBeforeAdvice");}}
MethodBeforeAdvice最终会被包装为MethodBeforeAdviceInterceptor类型,然后放到拦截器链中去执行,通过MethodBeforeAdviceInterceptor代码可以理解MethodBeforeAdvice的执行过程
public class MethodBeforeAdviceInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor, BeforeAdvice, Serializable {private final MethodBeforeAdvice advice;public MethodBeforeAdviceInterceptor(MethodBeforeAdvice advice) {this.advice = advice;}@Overridepublic Object invoke(MethodInvocation mi) throws Throwable {//调用MethodBeforeAdvice的before方法,执行前置通知this.advice.before(mi.getMethod(), mi.getArguments(), mi.getThis());//执行下一个拦截器return mi.proceed();}}
org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice:方法返回通知
方法返回通知,用来在方法执行完毕之后执行一些增强操作。
下面我们自定义一个AfterReturningAdvice
class MyAfterReturningAdvice implements AfterReturningAdvice {@Overridepublic void afterReturning(@Nullable Object returnValue, Method method, Object[] args, @Nullable Object target) throws Throwable {System.out.println("我是AfterReturningAdvice");}}
AfterReturningAdvice最终会被包装为AfterReturningAdviceInterceptor类型,然后放到拦截器链中去执行,通过AfterReturningAdviceInterceptor代码可以理解AfterReturningAdvice的执行过程
public class AfterReturningAdviceInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor, AfterAdvice, Serializable {private final AfterReturningAdvice advice;public AfterReturningAdviceInterceptor(AfterReturningAdvice advice) {this.advice = advice;}@Overridepublic Object invoke(MethodInvocation mi) throws Throwable {//执行下一个拦截器,可以获取目标方法的返回结果Object retVal = mi.proceed();//调用方法返回通知的afterReturning方法,会传入目标方法的返回值等信息this.advice.afterReturning(retVal, mi.getMethod(), mi.getArguments(), mi.getThis());return retVal;}}
org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice:异常通知
当目标方法发生异常时,可以通过 ThrowsAdvice 来指定需要回调的方法,我们在此可以记录一些异常信息,或者将异常信息发送到监控系统等。
下面我们自定义一个ThrowsAdvice
/*** 用来定义异常通知* 方法名必须是afterThrowing,格式参考下面2种定义* 1. public void afterThrowing(Exception ex)* 2. public void afterThrowing(Method method, Object[] args, Object target, Exception ex)*/class MyThrowsAdvice implements ThrowsAdvice {public void afterThrowing(Method method, Object[] args, Object target, Exception ex) {System.out.println("我是ThrowsAdvice");}}
ThrowsAdvice最终会被包装为ThrowsAdviceInterceptor类型,然后放到拦截器链中去执行,通过ThrowsAdviceInterceptor代码可以理解ThrowsAdvice的执行过程,ThrowsAdviceInterceptor 构造参数传入一个自定义的 ThrowsAdvice 对象
public class ThrowsAdviceInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor, AfterAdvice {private final Object throwsAdvice;public ThrowsAdviceInterceptor(Object throwsAdvice) {this.throwsAdvice = throwsAdvice;}@Overridepublic Object invoke(MethodInvocation mi) throws Throwable {try {return mi.proceed();} catch (Throwable ex) {//调用 ThrowsAdvice 中的 afterThrowing 方法来处理异常this.throwsAdvice.afterThrowing(。。。。);//将异常继续往外抛throw ex;}}}
拦截器链执行过程
假如目标方法上面有好几个通知,调用目标方法执行,spring会将所有的通知转换得到一个MethodInterceptor列表,然后依次按照下面的方式执行,会先调用第一个拦截器的MethodInterceptor#invoke(MethodInvocation invocation)方法,会传递一个MethodInvocation类型的参数,在此方法中,我们可以调用MethodInvocation#processd方法去执行第二个拦截器,然后依次按照这样的过程执行,到了最后一个MethodInterceptor中,再次调用MethodInvocation#processd时,会调用目标方法。

4种通知的执行顺序
结合上面的过程,假如目标方法上面依次添加了下面4种通知,我们来分析一下他们的执行过程
class MyMethodInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {@Overridepublic Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {System.out.println("我是MethodInterceptor start");//调用invocation.proceed()执行下一个拦截器Object result = invocation.proceed();System.out.println("我是MethodInterceptor end");//返回结果return result;}}class MyMethodBeforeAdvice implements MethodBeforeAdvice {@Overridepublic void before(Method method, Object[] args, @Nullable Object target) throws Throwable {System.out.println("我是MethodBeforeAdvice");}}class MyAfterReturningAdvice implements AfterReturningAdvice {@Overridepublic void afterReturning(@Nullable Object returnValue, Method method, Object[] args, @Nullable Object target) throws Throwable {System.out.println("我是AfterReturningAdvice");}}class MyThrowsAdvice implements ThrowsAdvice {public void afterThrowing(Method method, Object[] args, Object target, Exception ex) {System.out.println("我是ThrowsAdvice");}}
根据通知的规定,非MethodInterceptor类型的通知,都会被包装为MethodInterceptor类型的,上面除了第一个之外,其他3个都会被转换为MethodInterceptor,转换之后变成了下面这样:
class MyMethodInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {@Overridepublic Object invoke(MethodInvocation mi) throws Throwable {System.out.println("我是MethodInterceptor start");//调用mi.proceed()执行下一个拦截器Object retVal = mi.proceed();System.out.println("我是MethodInterceptor end");//返回结果return retVal;}}class MyMethodBeforeAdvice implements MethodInterceptor {@Overridepublic Object invoke(MethodInvocation mi) throws Throwable {System.out.println("我是MethodBeforeAdvice");//调用mi.proceed()执行下一个拦截器Object retVal = mi.proceed();return retVal;}}class MyAfterReturningAdvice implements MethodInterceptor {@Overridepublic Object invoke(MethodInvocation mi) throws Throwable {//调用mi.proceed()执行下一个拦截器Object retVal = mi.proceed();System.out.println("我是AfterReturningAdvice");return retVal;}}class MyThrowsAdvice implements MethodInterceptor {@Overridepublic Object invoke(MethodInvocation mi) throws Throwable {try {//调用mi.proceed()执行下一个拦截器return mi.proceed();} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("我是ThrowsAdvice");throw ex;}}}
根据通知链的执行过程,最终变成了下面这样:
System.out.println("我是MethodInterceptor start");System.out.println("我是MethodBeforeAdvice");Object retVal = null;try {retVal = 通过反射调用目标方法获取返回值;} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("我是ThrowsAdvice");throw ex;}System.out.println("我是AfterReturningAdvice");System.out.println("我是MethodInterceptor end");return retVal;
将上面4个通知用到下面目标对象中
public static class Service3 {public String say(String name) {return "你好:" + name;}}
执行下面代码生成代理,然后通过代理调用say方法
Service3 target = new Service3();Service3 proxy = 对target通过aop生成代理对象;System.out.println(proxy.say("路人"));
被4个拦截器链包裹之后,System.out.println(proxy.say("路人"));执行过程变成了下面这样
System.out.println("我是MethodInterceptor start");System.out.println("我是MethodBeforeAdvice");Object retVal = null;try {retVal = target.say("路人");} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("我是ThrowsAdvice");throw ex;}System.out.println("我是AfterReturningAdvice");System.out.println("我是MethodInterceptor end");System.out.println(retVal);
再次简化
System.out.println("我是MethodInterceptor start");System.out.println("我是MethodBeforeAdvice");Object retVal = null;try {retVal = "你好:" + name;} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("我是ThrowsAdvice");throw ex;}System.out.println("我是AfterReturningAdvice");System.out.println("我是MethodInterceptor end");System.out.println(retVal);
最终会输出
我是MethodInterceptor start我是MethodBeforeAdvice我是AfterReturningAdvice我是MethodInterceptor end你好:路人
上案例代码,我们来看一下最终的执行结果是不是和我们分析的一样,下面为需要被代理的类Service3以及需要使用的4个通知。
package com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test3;import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice;import org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice;import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;import java.lang.reflect.Method;public class MoreAdvice {public static class Service3 {public String say(String name) {return "你好:" + name;}}public static class MyMethodInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {@Overridepublic Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {System.out.println("我是MethodInterceptor start");//调用invocation.proceed()执行下一个拦截器Object result = invocation.proceed();System.out.println("我是MethodInterceptor end");//返回结果return result;}}public static class MyMethodBeforeAdvice implements MethodBeforeAdvice {@Overridepublic void before(Method method, Object[] args, @Nullable Object target) throws Throwable {System.out.println("我是MethodBeforeAdvice");}}public static class MyAfterReturningAdvice implements AfterReturningAdvice {@Overridepublic void afterReturning(@Nullable Object returnValue, Method method, Object[] args, @Nullable Object target) throws Throwable {System.out.println("我是AfterReturningAdvice");}}public static class MyThrowsAdvice implements ThrowsAdvice {public void afterThrowing(Method method, Object[] args, Object target, Exception ex) {System.out.println("我是ThrowsAdvice");}}}
对应测试代码
@Testpublic void test3() {//创建目标对象MoreAdvice.Service3 target = new MoreAdvice.Service3();//创建代理工厂,通过代理工厂来创建代理对象ProxyFactory proxyFactory = new ProxyFactory();proxyFactory.setTarget(target);//依次为目标对象添加4种通知proxyFactory.addAdvice(new MoreAdvice.MyMethodInterceptor());proxyFactory.addAdvice(new MoreAdvice.MyMethodBeforeAdvice());proxyFactory.addAdvice(new MoreAdvice.MyAfterReturningAdvice());proxyFactory.addAdvice(new MoreAdvice.MyThrowsAdvice());//获取到代理对象MoreAdvice.Service3 proxy = (MoreAdvice.Service3) proxyFactory.getProxy();//通过代理对象访问目标方法saySystem.out.println(proxy.say("路人"));}
运行输出
我是MethodInterceptor start我是MethodBeforeAdvice我是AfterReturningAdvice我是MethodInterceptor end你好:路人
和我们上面分析的确实一模一样。
4、单个@Aspect中多个通知的执行顺序
@Aspect标注的类中可以使用下面5种注解来定义通知
@Before@Around@After@AfterReturning@AfterThrowing
当单个@Aspect中定义了多种类型的通知时,@EnableAspectJAutoProxy内部会对其进行排序,排序顺序如下
@AfterThrowing@AfterReturning@After@Around@Before
下面我们来个@Aspect类,同时定义5种通知,然后来一步步分析一下其执行的属性。
package com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test4;import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component@Aspectpublic class Aspect4 {@Pointcut("execution(* com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test4.Service4.*(..))")public void pc() {}@Before("pc()")public void before() {System.out.println("@Before通知!");}@Around("pc()")public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {System.out.println("@Around通知start");Object result = joinPoint.proceed();System.out.println("@Around绕通知end");return result;}@After("pc()")public void after() throws Throwable {System.out.println("@After通知!");}@AfterReturning("pc()")public void afterReturning() throws Throwable {System.out.println("@AfterReturning通知!");}@AfterThrowing("pc()")public void afterThrowing() {System.out.println("@AfterThrowing通知!");}}
上面会拦截com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test4.Service4这个类中的所有方法,下面是Service4的源码。
package com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test4;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Componentpublic class Service4 {public String say(String name) {return "你好:" + name;}}
来个spring的配置类,使用@EnableAspectJAutoProxy标注
package com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test4;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy;@EnableAspectJAutoProxy@ComponentScanpublic class MainConfig4 {}
测试代码
@Testpublic void test4(){AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();context.register(MainConfig4.class);context.refresh();Service4 service4 = context.getBean(Service4.class);System.out.println(service4.say("路人"));}
运行依次输出如下
@Around通知start@Before通知!@Around绕通知end@After通知!@AfterReturning通知!你好:路人
卧槽,这输出好像和我们上面说的不一样的,上面说的会按照下面的顺序执行,这到底是什么情况?
@AfterThrowing@AfterReturning@After@Around@Before
别急,排序规则和输出结果都没有问题,听我慢慢分析,下面的分析非常重要,注意看了
5、@Aspect中5种通知回顾
5种通知对应的Advice类
@Aspect中通过5中注解来定义通知,这些注解最终都需要转换为Advice去执行,转换关系如下
| 通知 | 对应的Advice类 |
|---|---|
| @AfterThrowing | org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJAfterThrowingAdvice |
| @AfterReturning | org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJAfterReturningAdvice |
| @After | org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJAfterAdvice |
| @Around | org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJAroundAdvice |
| @Before | org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJMethodBeforeAdvice |
重点就在于表格右边的Advice类,当了解这些Advice的源码之后,他们的执行顺序大家就可以理解了,我们来看一下这些类的源码,重点看invoke方法
@AfterThrowing:AspectJAfterThrowingAdvice
public class AspectJAfterThrowingAdvice implements MethodInterceptor {@Overridepublic Object invoke(MethodInvocation mi) throws Throwable {try {//执行下一个拦截器return mi.proceed();} catch (Throwable ex) {//通过反射调用@AfterThrowing标注的方法//继续抛出异常throw ex;}}}
AspectJAfterThrowingAdvice 实现了 MethodInterceptor 接口,不需要进行包装。
@AfterReturning:AspectJAfterReturningAdvice
AspectJAfterReturningAdvice 源码:
public class AspectJAfterReturningAdvice implements AfterReturningAdvice {@Overridepublic void afterReturning(@Nullable Object returnValue, Method method, Object[] args, @Nullable Object target) throws Throwable {// 调用@AfterReturning标注的方法}}
AspectJAfterReturningAdvice 实现了 AfterReturningAdvice 接口,是一个方法返回通知,不是MethodInterceptor类型的,所以最终需包装为MethodInterceptor类型,变成下面这样
public class AspectJAfterReturningAdvice implements MethodInterceptor {@Overridepublic Object invoke(MethodInvocation mi) throws Throwable {//执行下一个拦截器Object retVal = mi.proceed();//调用@AfterReturning标注的方法return retVal;}}
@After:AspectJAfterAdvice
AspectJAfterAdvice 源码:
public class AspectJAfterAdvice implements MethodInterceptor {@Overridepublic Object invoke(MethodInvocation mi) throws Throwable {try {//执行下一个拦截器return mi.proceed();} finally {//调用@After标注的方法}}}
AspectJAfterAdvice 实现了 MethodInterceptor接口,所以最终执行的时候不需要进行包装。
注意 invoke 方法内部使用了 try…finally 的方式,@After方法的调用放在了finally中,所以不管是否有异常,@After类型的通知都会被执行。
@Around:AspectJAroundAdvice
AspectJAroundAdvice 源码:
public class AspectJAroundAdvice extends AbstractAspectJAdvice implements MethodInterceptor, Serializable {@Overridepublic Object invoke(MethodInvocation mi) throws Throwable {return 调用 @Around标注的方法 ;}}
AspectJAroundAdvice 实现了 MethodInterceptor接口,最终执行的时候也不需要进行包装。
@Before:AspectJMethodBeforeAdvice
AspectJMethodBeforeAdvice 源码:
public class AspectJMethodBeforeAdvice implements MethodBeforeAdvice, Serializable {@Overridepublic void before(Method method, Object[] args, @Nullable Object target) throws Throwable {invokeAdviceMethod(getJoinPointMatch(), null, null);}}
AspectJMethodBeforeAdvice 实现了 MethodBeforeAdvice接口,是一个前置通知,不是MethodInterceptor类型的,所以最终需包装为MethodInterceptor类型,变成下面这样
public class AspectJMethodBeforeAdvice implements MethodInterceptor {@Overridepublic Object invoke(MethodInvocation mi) throws Throwable {//调用@Before标注的方法//执行下一个拦截器return mi.proceed();}}
6、分析单个@Aspect中多个通知执行顺序
大家对@Aspect中5种通知内容理解之后,我们再回头看一下代码Aspect4中定义的5个通知
public class Aspect4 {@Pointcut("execution(* com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test4.Service4.*(..))")public void pc() {}@Before("pc()")public void before() {System.out.println("@Before通知!");}@Around("pc()")public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {System.out.println("@Around通知start");Object result = joinPoint.proceed();System.out.println("@Around绕通知end");return result;}@After("pc()")public void after() throws Throwable {System.out.println("@After通知!");}@AfterReturning("pc()")public void afterReturning() throws Throwable {System.out.println("@AfterReturning通知!");}@AfterThrowing("pc()")public void afterThrowing() {System.out.println("@AfterThrowing通知!");}}
我们给出的结论是,会按照下面的顺序执行
@AfterThrowing@AfterReturning@After@Around@Before
按照上面的顺序,一步步来分析。
先执行第1个通知@AfterThrowing,变成下面这样
try {//执行下一个拦截器return mi.proceed();} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("@AfterThrowing通知!");//继续抛出异常throw ex;}
mi.processed()会执行第2个通知@AfterReturning,变成了下面这样
try {//执行下一个拦截器Object retVal = mi.proceed();System.out.println("@AfterReturning通知!");return retVal;} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("@AfterThrowing通知!");//继续抛出异常throw ex;}
继续mi.proceed()执行第3个通知@After,变成了下面这样
try {Object result = null;try {//执行下一个拦截器result = mi.proceed();} finally {System.out.println("@After通知!");}System.out.println("@AfterReturning通知!");return retVal;} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("@AfterThrowing通知!");//继续抛出异常throw ex;}
继续mi.proceed()执行第4个通知@Around,变成了下面这样
try {Object result = null;try {System.out.println("@Around通知start");result = joinPoint.proceed();System.out.println("@Around绕通知end");return result;} finally {System.out.println("@After通知!");}System.out.println("@AfterReturning通知!");return retVal;} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("@AfterThrowing通知!");//继续抛出异常throw ex;}
继续joinPoint.proceed()执行第5个通知@Before,变成了下面这样
try {Object result = null;try {System.out.println("@Around通知start");System.out.println("@Before通知!");result = mi.proceed();System.out.println("@Around绕通知end");return result;} finally {System.out.println("@After通知!");}System.out.println("@AfterReturning通知!");return retVal;} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("@AfterThrowing通知!");//继续抛出异常throw ex;}
继续joinPoint.proceed()会调用目标方法,变成了下面这样
try {Object result = null;try {System.out.println("@Around通知start");System.out.println("@Before通知!");result = // 通过反射调用目标方法; //@1System.out.println("@Around绕通知end");return result;} finally {System.out.println("@After通知!");}System.out.println("@AfterReturning通知!");return retVal;} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("@AfterThrowing通知!");//继续抛出异常throw ex;}
将上面的@1替换为目标方法的调用,就变成下面这样了
try {Object result = null;try {System.out.println("@Around通知start");System.out.println("@Before通知!");result = service4.say("路人");System.out.println("@Around绕通知end");return result;} finally {System.out.println("@After通知!");}System.out.println("@AfterReturning通知!");return retVal;} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("@AfterThrowing通知!");//继续抛出异常throw ex;}
所以最终输出
@Around通知start@Before通知!@Around绕通知end@After通知!@AfterReturning通知!你好:路人
7、@EnableAspectJAutoProxy中为通知指定顺序
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy用在spring环境中,可以通过@Aspect以及Advisor来定义多个通知,当spring容器中有多个@Aspect、Advisor时,他们的顺序是什么样的呢?
我们先看一下如何为@Aspect、自定义Advisor指定顺序。
为@Aspect指定顺序:用@Order注解
需要在@Aspect标注的类上使用@org.springframework.core.annotation.Order注解,值越小,通知的优先级越高。
@Aspect@Order(1)public class AspectOrder1{}
为Advisor指定顺序:实现Ordered接口
自定义的Advisor通过org.springframework.core.Ordered接口来指定顺序,这个接口有个public int getOrder()方法,用来返回通知的顺序。
spring为我们提供了一个Advisor类型的抽象类org.springframework.aop.support.AbstractPointcutAdvisor,这个类实现了Ordered接口,spring中大部分Advisor会是继承AbstractPointcutAdvisor,若需要自定义Advisor,也可以继承这个类,这个类的getOrder方法比较关键,来看一下
public abstract class AbstractPointcutAdvisor implements PointcutAdvisor, Ordered, Serializable {@Nullableprivate Integer order;public void setOrder(int order) {this.order = order;}@Overridepublic int getOrder() {//若当前Advisor指定了order,则直接返回if (this.order != null) {return this.order;}//获取当前类中配置的通知对象AdviceAdvice advice = getAdvice();//若advice实现了Ordered接口,这从advice中获取通知的顺序if (advice instanceof Ordered) {return ((Ordered) advice).getOrder();}//否则通知的优先级最低,Integer.MAX_VALUEreturn Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;}}
Spring为我们提供了一个默认的Advisor类:DefaultPointcutAdvisor,这个类就继承了AbstractPointcutAdvisor,通常我们可以直接使用DefaultPointcutAdvisor来自定义通知。
8、多个@Aspect、Advisor排序规则
排序规则
1、在spring容器中获取@Aspect、Advisor类型的所有bean,得到一个列表 list1
2、对list1按照order的值升序排序,得到结果list2
3、然后再对list2中@Aspect类型的bean内部的通知进行排序,规则
@AfterThrowing@AfterReturning@After@Around@Before
4、最后运行的时候会得到上面排序产生的方法调用链列表去执行。
案例
下面我们定义2个@Aspect类,一个Advisor类,并且给这3个都指定,然后来验证一下通知执行的顺序。
先定义目标类
package com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test2;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Componentpublic class Service2 {public String say(String name) {return "你好:" + name;}}
Aspect1:第2个@Aspect
package com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test2;import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Aspect@Order(1)@Componentpublic class MyAspect1 {@Pointcut("execution(* com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test2.Service2.*(..))")public void pc() {}@Before("pc()")public void before() {System.out.println("MyAspect1 @Before通知!");}@Around("pc()")public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {System.out.println("MyAspect1 @Around通知start");Object result = joinPoint.proceed();System.out.println("MyAspect1 @Around绕通知end");return result;}@After("pc()")public void after() throws Throwable {System.out.println("MyAspect1 @After通知!");}@AfterReturning("pc()")public void afterReturning() throws Throwable {System.out.println("MyAspect1 @AfterReturning通知!");}@AfterThrowing("pc()")public void afterThrowing() {System.out.println("MyAspect1 @AfterThrowing通知!");}}
Aspect1:第2个@Aspect
package com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test2;import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Aspect@Order(3)@Componentpublic class MyAspect2 {@Pointcut("execution(* com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test2.Service2.*(..))")public void pc() {}@Before("pc()")public void before() {System.out.println("MyAspect2 @Before通知!");}@Around("pc()")public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {System.out.println("MyAspect2 @Around通知start");Object result = joinPoint.proceed();System.out.println("MyAspect2 @Around绕通知end");return result;}@After("pc()")public void after() throws Throwable {System.out.println("MyAspect2 @After通知!");}@AfterReturning("pc()")public void afterReturning() throws Throwable {System.out.println("MyAspect2 @AfterReturning通知!");}@AfterThrowing("pc()")public void afterThrowing() {System.out.println("MyAspect2 @AfterThrowing通知!");}}
自定义一个Advisor
package com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test2;import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;import org.springframework.aop.support.DefaultPointcutAdvisor;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Componentpublic class Advisor1 extends DefaultPointcutAdvisor {public Advisor1() {MethodInterceptor methodInterceptor = new MethodInterceptor() {@Overridepublic Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {System.out.println("Advisor1 start");Object result = invocation.proceed();System.out.println("Advisor1 end");return result;}};this.setAdvice(methodInterceptor);}@Overridepublic int getOrder() {return 2;}}
来个spring配置类
标注@EnableAspectJAutoProxy来启用自动化的aop功能
package com.javacode2018.aop.demo11.test2;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy;@ComponentScan@EnableAspectJAutoProxypublic class MainConfig2 {}
测试代码
@Testpublic void test2() {AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();context.register(MainConfig2.class);context.refresh();Service2 service2 = context.getBean(Service2.class);System.out.println(service2.say("路人"));}
运行输出
MyAspect1 @Around通知startMyAspect1 @Before通知!Advisor1 startMyAspect2 @Around通知startMyAspect2 @Before通知!MyAspect2 @Around绕通知endMyAspect2 @After通知!MyAspect2 @AfterReturning通知!Advisor1 endMyAspect1 @Around绕通知endMyAspect1 @After通知!MyAspect1 @AfterReturning通知!你好:路人
结果分析
下面我们一步步来推出结果为什么是上面这样。
先获取spring容器中@Aspect、Advisor类型的所有bean,根据其order升序排序,得到:
Aspect1:顺序是1Advisor1:顺序是2MyAspect2:顺序是3
然后对每个Aspect内部的通知进行排序,根据单个@Aspect内部通知排序规则,可以得到:
Aspect1:顺序是1@AfterThrowing@AfterReturning@After@Around@BeforeAdvisor1:顺序是2MyAspect2:顺序是3@AfterThrowing@AfterReturning@After@Around@Before
下面将代码拿过来一步步填充。
先对Aspect1进行填充,得到:
try {Object result = null;try {System.out.println("MyAspect1 @Around通知start");System.out.println("MyAspect1 @Before通知!");result = mi.proceed(); //@1System.out.println("MyAspect1 @Around绕通知end");return result;} finally {System.out.println("MyAspect1 @After通知!");}System.out.println("MyAspect1 @AfterReturning通知!");return retVal;} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("MyAspect1 @AfterThrowing通知!");//继续抛出异常throw ex;}
@1执行mi.proceed()会调用下一个拦截器,即Advisor1中定义的拦截器,然后会得到下面代码:
try {Object result = null;try {System.out.println("MyAspect1 @Around通知start");System.out.println("MyAspect1 @Before通知!");System.out.println("Advisor1 start");result = invocation.proceed(); //@2System.out.println("Advisor1 end");System.out.println("MyAspect1 @Around绕通知end");return result;} finally {System.out.println("MyAspect1 @After通知!");}System.out.println("MyAspect1 @AfterReturning通知!");return retVal;} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("MyAspect1 @AfterThrowing通知!");//继续抛出异常throw ex;}
@2执行mi.proceed()会调用下一个拦截器,即Aspect2中定义的拦截器,而Aspect2和Aspect1类似,然后会得到下面代码:
try {Object result = null;try {System.out.println("MyAspect1 @Around通知start");System.out.println("MyAspect1 @Before通知!");System.out.println("Advisor1 start");try {try {System.out.println("MyAspect2 @Around通知start");System.out.println("MyAspect2 @Before通知!");result = mi.proceed(); //@3System.out.println("MyAspect2 @Around绕通知end");return result;} finally {System.out.println("MyAspect2 @After通知!");}System.out.println("MyAspect2 @AfterReturning通知!");} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("MyAspect2 @AfterThrowing通知!");//继续抛出异常throw ex;}System.out.println("Advisor1 end");System.out.println("MyAspect1 @Around绕通知end");return result;} finally {System.out.println("MyAspect1 @After通知!");}System.out.println("MyAspect1 @AfterReturning通知!");return retVal;} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("MyAspect1 @AfterThrowing通知!");//继续抛出异常throw ex;}
@3继续执行mi.proceed(),此时会调用目标方法say("路人"),然后就进化成下面这样了
try {Object result = null;try {System.out.println("MyAspect1 @Around通知start");System.out.println("MyAspect1 @Before通知!");System.out.println("Advisor1 start");try {try {System.out.println("MyAspect2 @Around通知start");System.out.println("MyAspect2 @Before通知!");result = "你好:路人";System.out.println("MyAspect2 @Around绕通知end");return result;} finally {System.out.println("MyAspect2 @After通知!");}System.out.println("MyAspect2 @AfterReturning通知!");} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("MyAspect2 @AfterThrowing通知!");//继续抛出异常throw ex;}System.out.println("Advisor1 end");System.out.println("MyAspect1 @Around绕通知end");return result;} finally {System.out.println("MyAspect1 @After通知!");}System.out.println("MyAspect1 @AfterReturning通知!");return retVal;} catch (Throwable ex) {System.out.println("MyAspect1 @AfterThrowing通知!");//继续抛出异常throw ex;}
再来和输出结果对比一下,是完全一致的。
MyAspect1 @Around通知startMyAspect1 @Before通知!Advisor1 startMyAspect2 @Around通知startMyAspect2 @Before通知!MyAspect2 @Around绕通知endMyAspect2 @After通知!MyAspect2 @AfterReturning通知!Advisor1 endMyAspect1 @Around绕通知endMyAspect1 @After通知!MyAspect1 @AfterReturning通知!你好:路人
9、@EnableAspectJAutoProxy另外2个功能
这个注解还有2个参数,大家看一下下面的注释,比较简单,就不用案例演示了。
public @interface EnableAspectJAutoProxy {/*** 是否基于类来创建代理,而不是基于接口来创建代理* 当为true的时候会使用cglib来直接对目标类创建代理对象* 默认为 false:即目标bean如果有接口的会采用jdk动态代理来创建代理对象,没有接口的目标bean,会采用cglib来创建代理对象*/boolean proxyTargetClass() default false;/*** 是否需要将代理对象暴露在ThreadLocal中,当为true的时候* 可以通过org.springframework.aop.framework.AopContext#currentProxy获取当前代理对象*/boolean exposeProxy() default false;}
10、@EnableAspectJAutoProxy原理
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy会在spring容器中注册一个bean
org.springframework.aop.aspectj.annotation.AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator
AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator是BeanPostProcessor类型的,BeanPostProcessor大家应该比较熟悉了,bean后置处理器,可以在bean声明周期中对bean进行操作,比如对bean生成代理等;而AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator就是对符合条件的bean,自动生成代理对象,源码就这里就不细说了,有兴趣的可以从postProcessAfterInitialization方法看,比较简单。
11、总结
今天内容还是挺多的,大家好好消化一下。
主要要掌握@EnableAspectJAutoProxy中多个@Aspect、Advisor时,通知的执行顺序,这个多看看,要理解其原理,记起来才会更容易,用起来也会更顺手。
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12、案例源码
https://gitee.com/javacode2018/spring-series
本博客所有系列案例代码以后都会放到这个上面,大家watch一下,可以持续关注动态。
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